India and Sri Lanka Coast Guards Strengthen Maritime Cooperation

The Indian Coast Guard and the Sri Lanka Coast Guard convened their eighth High-Level Meeting to consolidate and advance bilateral maritime cooperation across search and rescue, marine pollution response, fisheries-related enforcement, and coordinated operational protocols in the shared waters of the Indian Ocean. The engagement, conducted at the level of senior leadership from both maritime forces, focused on practical mechanisms to strengthen interoperability, improve information sharing, align standard operating procedures, and address emergent maritime safety and security challenges that affect coastal communities and maritime traffic in the region.

Officials reviewed the implementation status of past decisions, examined new areas for operational alignment, and mapped out a forward programme for joint exercises, capacity building, and technical exchanges. The meeting forms part of an institutionalised dialogue framework that has evolved over the past decade to provide continuity and predictability in bilateral maritime collaboration. It builds on routine contact at sea, hotline communication, and regular joint drills, and is designed to support safe seas, adherence to international maritime conventions, and the protection of marine ecosystems.

Context and institutional framework

India and Sri Lanka share a busy and sensitive maritime space in the Indian Ocean that hosts major commercial shipping routes, artisanal and mechanised fishing activity, and transboundary environmental concerns. The Indian Coast Guard is the maritime law enforcement and search-and-rescue agency of India, operating under the Ministry of Defence, with mandates that include safety of life at sea, anti-smuggling, and environmental protection. The Sri Lanka Coast Guard, under the purview of the Ministry of Defence of Sri Lanka, carries out analogous roles in its areas of responsibility, including rescue operations, pollution control, and coastal security functions.

The high-level meeting mechanism enables both organisations to review operational experiences, update working-level arrangements, and formalise action points with clear timelines. It complements other bilateral mechanisms such as joint working groups on fisheries, and augments coordination between maritime operations centres. The eighth iteration indicates consistent engagement, which is integral to incident prevention and rapid response during contingencies.

Meeting focus and outcomes

The session addressed operational planning, maritime safety functions, technological integration, and procedures to facilitate timely assistance and enforcement. Discussions covered several core pillars that frame the bilateral agenda and have direct bearings on seafarer safety and coastal livelihoods.

Search and rescue coordination

Search and rescue is a priority for both coast guards given dense maritime traffic and fluctuating weather patterns in the region. The meeting reviewed established communication protocols between maritime rescue coordination centres, interoperability of distress alert systems, and procedures for coordinated deployment during cross-boundary incidents. Emphasis was placed on ensuring that distress messages are acknowledged swiftly, assets are allocated efficiently, and on-scene coordination adheres to the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual.

The agencies assessed recent joint drills and agreed to continue regular exercises to rehearse multi-platform responses that may include helicopters, patrol vessels, and dedicated pollution-control craft. Training modules, exchange visits for rescue personnel, and the sharing of post-incident lessons were included in the forward plan to improve operational readiness.

Marine pollution response and environmental protection

Both sides discussed contingency planning for oil spills, hazardous and noxious substances incidents, and shoreline clean-up processes. The meeting examined compatibility of containment booms, skimmers, dispersant usage policies, and procedures for requesting and accepting assistance during significant spills. The two agencies reiterated the need for joint tabletop and at-sea exercises that simulate tiered responses under national contingency frameworks, with a focus on cross-border notifications, common incident command structures, and resource cataloguing.

Protecting marine ecosystems, including sensitive coastal habitats and fishing grounds, remained a recurrent theme. Capacity-building initiatives, such as training technicians in sample collection, shoreline assessment techniques, and environmental monitoring, were identified as practical steps. The meeting also noted the value of sharing satellite and aerial surveillance inputs to detect suspected pollution and track slick trajectories.

Fisheries-related issues and law enforcement

The delegations reviewed operational coordination on fisheries-related incidents, including assistance to distressed fishers, prevention of unregulated fishing practices, and handling of inadvertent maritime boundary crossings. The focus remained on humane treatment, prompt consular and administrative processes, and the use of standard operating procedures that prioritise safety and de-escalation at sea.

The agencies also discussed information exchange to deter smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and transnational crimes that exploit fishing and coastal craft. Structured mechanisms for alerting each other to suspicious movements, deconflicting patrols, and implementing risk-based boarding protocols were reinforced to ensure coherent enforcement and minimise disruption to legitimate livelihoods and trade.

Information sharing and communication channels

Ensuring efficient and secure communication between operations centres was identified as central to real-time coordination. The meeting reviewed the functioning of established telephone and email hotlines, procedures for sharing maritime domain awareness inputs, and the use of common formats for messages during incidents. The two sides discussed technical steps to increase reliability and timeliness of data exchange, including redundancy measures and clear points of contact at multiple levels.

Periodic reviews of information-sharing protocols were agreed to maintain currency with evolving technologies, including the integration of Automatic Identification System data, coastal radar feeds where applicable, and distress alert relays from registered devices. The aim is to support rapid identification, assessment, and response without duplication of effort.

Joint exercises and capacity building

The agencies placed emphasis on a forward calendar of joint exercises, classroom training, and ship rider programmes. Such activities enable crew familiarity, alignment of safety procedures, and testing of technical interoperability. Subject-matter exchanges in areas such as navigation safety, helicopter operations, boarding and search procedures, and medical evacuation were flagged for the coming cycle.

On capacity building, the meeting considered professional development opportunities in pollution response management, incident command, and advanced search and rescue planning. The Indian Coast Guard’s training establishments and Sri Lankan institutions are expected to craft modules that can be shared, including scenarios specific to the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar region.

Procedural and administrative measures

Bilateral maritime cooperation requires coherent procedures that can be activated rapidly during emergencies. The eighth meeting reviewed and refined several administrative tools to ensure practical implementation.

• Standard operating procedures for cross-border assistance were reaffirmed, including document templates for requests and approvals, and guidelines on jurisdiction, on-scene command, and handover of rescued persons.
• Points of contact lists were updated to reflect current appointments in operations rooms, maritime rescue coordination centres, and pollution response cells.
• Mechanisms for rapid legal and consular coordination were underscored to address inadvertent boundary crossings, detention protocols, and repatriation processes consistent with applicable national laws.
• Post-incident reporting formats were aligned to facilitate joint analysis, lessons learned, and dissemination of best practices across units.
• Schedules for biannual reviews and ad hoc consultations during the intersessional period were outlined to maintain momentum on implementation.

Technology, platforms, and interoperability

Interoperability across vessels, aircraft, and equipment is critical for effective joint operations. The discussions covered compatibility of communication equipment, navigation systems, and distress alert mechanisms used aboard patrol platforms. Common radio procedures, frequency management, and the use of standard maritime distress channels were emphasised to ensure reliable voice and data links during joint activities.

The meeting also examined the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems and fixed-wing assets for surveillance in designated corridors, subject to national regulations. Exchange of experience in deploying small unmanned aerial platforms for search patterns, as well as protocols for data handover, were among the technical items considered. Additionally, both sides recognised the need for clear safety cases and risk assessments for ship-helicopter operations when conducted near maritime boundaries or under challenging weather conditions.

Maritime safety and seafarer welfare

The agenda included specific measures that benefit seafarers, fishers, and small-boat operators. Emphasis was placed on promoting carriage and registration of distress alert transmitters, adherence to trip reporting norms, and the dissemination of safety advisories during inclement weather. Both coast guards agreed to intensify outreach through coastal police stations, fisheries departments, and community networks to encourage compliance with life-saving equipment requirements and basic seamanship protocols.

To improve response effectiveness, the agencies discussed expanding databases of registered fishing vessels, identification markings, and contact information for owner associations. Regular verification campaigns were proposed to update records and reduce response time during distress incidents. Coordination with meteorological services and fisheries authorities was recognised as essential to issue timely warnings and route advisories to reduce exposure to risk.

Environmental contingencies and climate-linked risks

Maritime operations in the region are increasingly influenced by weather variability and severe events, including cyclones and heavy rainfall episodes. The high-level meeting recognised the growing importance of preparedness for mass rescue operations and multi-agency responses when severe weather impacts coastal communities and maritime traffic. The two sides discussed incident escalation thresholds, resource pre-positioning, and mutual assistance triggers that align with national disaster management frameworks.

The environmental segment of the discussions also addressed long-duration pollution incidents that may require sustained shoreline response, waste disposal management, and engagement with local authorities. Both agencies reiterated the value of drills that test inter-agency command, logistics, and public communication protocols during prolonged events.

Legal and regulatory alignment

Bilateral cooperation at sea operates within the boundaries of national laws and international conventions to which both countries are parties. The meeting reviewed interface points between operational procedures and legal requirements, including evidence handling in smuggling cases, reporting of maritime incidents, and compliance with international maritime safety norms. Recognising differences in legal frameworks, the agencies agreed to continue consultations to harmonise reporting and handover protocols where practicable.

The dialogue also touched on the use of non-lethal compliance measures during boarding operations, recording standards for incidents, and the maintenance of chain-of-custody documentation. Enhanced legal familiarisation for boarding teams, including awareness of cross-border sensitivities, was identified as a training priority to ensure lawful, proportionate, and professional conduct during enforcement tasks.

Public communication and transparency

Managing public information during maritime incidents is central to maintaining trust and reducing misinformation. The two coast guards reviewed their public communication practices, including the timing of advisories, channels for community outreach, and coordination with fisheries departments and local administrations. During joint operations or incidents spanning both areas of responsibility, the agencies agreed to coordinate press advisories to ensure consistent and factual information is disseminated.

In addition, periodic public awareness campaigns on safety gear, registration requirements, and distress alert procedures were acknowledged as effective tools for prevention. Both agencies aim to use simple, multilingual messaging through fishing harbours, community radio, and digital channels maintained by relevant ministries and departments.

Implementation roadmap

The meeting concluded with a set of action points and a timeline for implementation. These include scheduling the next cycle of joint sea exercises, finalising updated standard operating procedures, and conducting inter-operability tests of communication systems. Monitoring mechanisms were outlined through designated focal points who will track progress, compile reports, and prepare for the next review.

1. Conduct joint search and rescue and marine pollution response exercises within the upcoming operational season, with scenario designs reflecting cross-boundary contingencies.
2. Exchange updated points of contact for operations centres, legal liaison officers, and public information officers.
3. Align post-incident report formats and establish a shared repository for lessons learned accessible to designated officers.
4. Roll out targeted capacity-building modules in incident command, boarding procedures, and environmental response management.
5. Review and test distress alert relay workflows, including validation drills involving registered fishing vessels and merchant traffic where practicable.

Administrative significance

The eighth high-level meeting demonstrates continuity in administrative collaboration between two maritime agencies operating in adjacent waters. Structured cooperation reduces duplication of efforts, shortens response times, and supports adherence to international standards in safety and environmental protection. For coastal communities, predictable and humane procedures during inadvertent boundary crossings and emergencies contribute to reduced vulnerability and faster resolution of incidents.

From an administrative viewpoint, the clarity of communication channels, pre-approved procedures for assistance, and shared training reduce uncertainty during crises. The meeting’s outcomes are expected to inform updates in training curricula, standing orders for patrol units, and inter-agency coordination at the national level, including with disaster management authorities, meteorological departments, and fisheries administrations.

Impact on maritime stakeholders

The direct beneficiaries of enhanced coordination include fishers, crew on coastal and merchant vessels, port and harbour authorities, and coastal communities. Faster relay of distress alerts, uniform search patterns, and coordinated on-scene management increase the likelihood of timely assistance. Improved oil spill contingency planning lowers the risk of long-term environmental damage that affects fisheries and tourism. For shipping companies and agents, clarity on reporting channels and response arrangements can streamline compliance and facilitate incident resolution.

In law enforcement, coherent protocols for information exchange and patrol deconfliction can help deter smuggling attempts and improve detection without imposing unnecessary burden on legitimate maritime activity. Regular engagement at the leadership and working levels contributes to predictability and professional standards across routine and extraordinary operations.

Next steps and continuity

Following the meeting, both agencies will circulate minutes to their operational units and relevant ministries or departments. Sub-groups may convene to implement technical tasks such as communication tests, equipment compatibility checks, and exercise planning. The standing arrangement for biannual reviews and ad hoc consultations remains in place to address emergent issues promptly.

As the maritime domain continues to evolve with technological advancements and shifting patterns of activity, the institutional framework provided by the high-level meetings will remain central to maintaining safe and secure seas. The focus on practical measures, timely information exchange, and adherence to established procedures provides a stable foundation for addressing routine and extraordinary maritime contingencies.

The Indian Coast Guard and Sri Lanka Coast Guard reiterated their commitment to strengthening operational coordination in search and rescue, marine pollution response, fisheries-related enforcement, and information sharing to enhance maritime safety and environmental protection in the region.

Background on prior engagements

Cooperation between the two coast guards has developed through regular interactions, including joint exercises, staff talks, training exchanges, and coordinated operations. Previous iterations of the high-level meeting established procedures for distress alert coordination, promoted mutual assistance during pollution incidents, and set up communication links between operations rooms. Over time, these arrangements have been refined through practical experience, incident reviews, and evolving best practices aligned with international guidance.

The bilateral relationship also draws on wider multilateral frameworks and conventions related to maritime safety, search and rescue, and oil pollution preparedness. By aligning operational procedures with these frameworks, both agencies ensure compatibility with global standards and facilitate cooperation with other regional partners when required.

Operational considerations in shared waters

The waters between the southern coast of India and Sri Lanka present unique operational considerations. Dense fishing activity, narrow sea spaces, and seasonal weather patterns require precise coordination to avoid incidents and ensure rapid assistance. The use of designated patrol sectors, adherence to incident notification procedures, and the deployment of suitable assets are key to effective management of the maritime domain.

Maritime domain awareness is supported by radar stations, coastal surveillance networks, and vessel reporting systems. The integration of these inputs with unit-level patrols and aerial reconnaissance enhances detection of distress cases and suspicious activity. The high-level meeting reviewed the interface between technology and operational decision-making to ensure that information translates into timely and proportionate action at sea.

Capacity development and training exchanges

Training exchanges remain an area of tangible value. Cross-attachment of officers and enlisted personnel enhances familiarity with procedures, equipment, and safety protocols. Joint classroom sessions on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, navigation in restricted waters, and incident command provide common reference points. Practical drills covering helicopter hoist operations, medical evacuation, and night-time boarding techniques contribute to shared competence.

Both agencies underscored the utility of after-action reviews and scenario-based learning to capture lessons from exercises and real-world operations. Maintaining repositories of case studies and checklists enables consistent application of best practices and supports the induction of new personnel into operational roles.

Sustained engagement and review

The eighth high-level meeting continues a structured process that pairs strategic guidance with practical implementation. Clear records of decisions, assigned responsibilities, and time-bound tasks allow for accountability and continuous improvement. Intersessional progress tracking helps ensure that the outcomes translate into operational changes where required, and that emerging challenges can be addressed without waiting for the next formal meeting.

By maintaining a rhythm of engagement through leadership-level discussions and working-level coordination, the Indian Coast Guard and the Sri Lanka Coast Guard aim to deliver consistent maritime services that prioritise safety of life at sea, environmental stewardship, and lawful use of maritime spaces.

The outcomes of this meeting are expected to be reflected progressively in operations at sea, training programmes, and public advisories. Citizens, maritime professionals, and coastal communities can expect continuity in service delivery with incremental enhancements in responsiveness, coordination, and transparency as the agreed measures are implemented.